Julian Jaynes origin of conciousness and the breakdown of the bicameral mind.
He theorized that a few thousand years ago humans are not truely concious, defined by the ability to self reflect.
This is backed up by literature from the past like the old testament and illiad. They did not e have a word for conciousness until much later, nor is their self reflective thought. Instead they would hear an audible voice tell them to do something and would do it.
It's backed up by skitzophrenia research and other research as well.
The reviews are often based on a misunderstanding of the book or the assumption that it's been proven wrong. There's not been a lot of research in this area since but it's definitely not been proven wrong. If anything, it's been further validated.
He stated that the left and right hemispheres of the brain did not communicate how they do today. He claims that one hemisphere would give them an audible hallucination and the other side would hear it. The voice felt outside themselves so they thought it to be god.
The problem for me is the line a few thousand years ago. The last evidence of Neanderthal is 20000 years ago and modern humans were around then , neanderthal made jewelry for themselves did cave art a lots of things that show self-awareness. dolphins are self-aware scientists know because if you put a mark on them and have a mirror in the pool they will go and bend so they can see that spot. Maybe even Lucy over 3 million years ago although not a human she was a hominid Australopithecus , walked upright. More advanced than a chimpanzee, maybe she was self-aware? Or maybe it came sometime later but not a few thousand years ago.