Not thorough and emotions are labeled as what they may not be because of researcher bias.

Punishment? Too much projected on simple preference for that which supports or sympathizes with a preference. Between zero and age three sub-stages of development cannot be compared to later ones and their related motivations.

The human infant is still gestating outside the mother's body for many months and in varying degrees separate from others of our 'kind' completely; not however from early damage caused to perceptual faculties by deprivation of instinctual needs at that critical level. Things like long period mother separation, separate sleep locations, premature feeding via inanimate means with substitite nourishment for human milk that is regimented, pacifiers, prescribed and purposeful ignoring of crying and other environmental insults. ALL of these immeasurable influences and more can mitigate healthy development of sense of security, affection spontanaety and innate morality.

These studies are based on observer assumptions and biases rooted in early influences on the clinicians THEMSELVES, that THEY accept as benign. They are NOT...