Turing and Flowers worked together on the relay operated decoding machines, but Flowers knew that a valve could switch much faster and was the way forward. His bosses at Bletchley Park disagreed, and refused to allocate him any budget for them. His Post Office bosses backed him, and he also spent his own savings on building the first machine, which imnediately proved capable of cracking the fiendishly complex Lorenz code six times faster than the relay devices he had built alongside Turing. Bletchley suddenly realised Flowers had been right all along and backed him on his second Colossus machine, one and a half times larger and twice as fast. So much so that Lorenz codes could often be deciphered within an hour of being intercepted.

They are also based on the Von Neumann architecture, but that is now changing.

@Petter Von Neumann, Harvard architectures, and others are variations on Turing Machines.

@EdEarl But not quantum machines?

@Petter Analog computers may not be Turing Machines, but I'm pretty sure quantum computers are.

A Turing Machine is a theoretical model of a computer with memory and a processor that runs instructions. I've not studied quantum computers, but I believe they have memory, a processor and instructions.