This is the result of the foundation for the porch's supports not being deep enough to be below the frost line. Where I live, foundations must be 54" deep.
You are exactly correct but it would be too hard to do a do-over on it now. Whoever did my concrete done it wrong and I have lots of it.
Cold causes things to shrink, not swell.
I strongly suspect you have a leak up above in the area that occurs when water enters through openings made by the the cold-induced shrinkage, perhaps along a roof seam or change in direction of roofline. Or possibly clogged gutters.
The water that gets in then freezes, causing the "swelling".
You need to address this ASAP to avoid dry rot, roof failure, and etc...it ain't gonna get cheaper!
@MsKathleen this is a wooden deck & metal(?) door, or maybe wood/metal overlay. (The deck IMO is not swelling in the cold.)
And yes I am saying water gets in, then freezes & expands, plus expanding everything around it causing things to "stick", and enlarging the leaky area over time as well, sadly.
@MsKathleen I stand by my comment, based on almost 50 years of s8ngl3-handedly caring for a house older than I am, and observing the spaces between the decking on both my front (south-facing) and back (shaded 99% of the time, in all seasons, get Larger in cold weather
@MsKathleen yes,the boards shrink, so the spaces between them get bigger.....why are you trying to pick a fight by repeating everything I said As If I said something else?
Here is how it goes everybody. My wooden porch is large and built way too close to my front door. It is also built on a concrete slab that was not properly put into the ground. In the winter, water gets under that concrete slab and freezes, pushing the slab upwards out of the ground. This was why the door had problems. It hung on the porch deck and would not open. The problem is in the concrete and the way it is put in the ground. The porch itself was not shrinking or swelling.