Monotheism was, perhaps, there maybe a lot more to it besides, an attempt to resolve the problem of polytheism. That with many different gods, all with different agendas, it was not possible to resolve religion down to a single moral and political ideology. Monotheism appears at more or less the same time, that a single written text is also chosen to be a basis for belief, perhaps to force a single narrative.

Monotheism and monotexturalism (Love it when I get to invent a word, though I bet some a#####e got there first. ) of course failed to achieve that, because they did not allow for interpretation. They may indeed have chosen a text with the greatest possible range of interpretations available, so as not to restrict themselves, but still give themselves, the controllers of the text, maximum power to use its apparent authority to coerce others.

But that is beside my main point. ( Note to self. Don't ramble. ) I doubt therefore that there is a deeply different psychology, humans being humans everywhere. But monotheism may be an expression of the desire for single simple answers, which is a common human trait. So that therefore you could say that is is the expression of at least the two common psychological traits of, laziness and fear of uncertainty.