the Rockefeller's are still trying to fool you to day. read their lock step program which is happening today. your looking for the good in these men and there is no good in them. it's all about money wars, etc. how did the the dinosaurs and plant all come for 3000 ft and lower we have never excavated that low to find them. the province of Saskatchewan Canada. millions of years ago was sea bottom we have 3 miles of potash. it dead sea shells etc. but there's no oil there. when looking for DNA of animals and plant life in oil there are no animals in it or plants. your right we have never drilled into the mantel. China has tried so they could get steam water for oil extraction, but it never worked could not build this strong enough to do it. but your volcano's are from the mantel and there are many seams

@1patriot
[large.stanford.edu]
[intechopen.com]

2 opposing theories but I tend to lean towards biotic formation because that is where we mostly find it eg
"The evidence for the biological theory of oil is somewhat circumstantial. We do not fully understand all of the mechanisms by which biological material turns into petroleum. Instead, it is common practice to use "truth by the borehole;" that is, does drilling based on that theory lead to finding commercially viable reserves of oil? The biological theory based on oceanic life being the progenitor of oil has seen significant returns in that regard."

In short, that's where we find it.

The golden rule on biology is there is always an exception to the golden rule. So I am open to natural formation of abiotic formation of hydrocarbons but current science is the vast majority is formed biotically, because that's where we find it.

@puff The Bakken Oil Field stretches underneath Eastern Montana and Western North Dakota as well as parts of Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Originally discovered in 1953, the Bakken Formation is a rock unit in the Williston Basin. this oil is quite different and it's 125 miles about from the potash mine on the Regina plains. the oil looks like the pink anti freeze you use in your vehicle and it pours the same like water. yes, the science is still out but i am quite sure it's not dead plants and dinosaurs. but might be related to dead ocean and sea life marine life i guess.

the Tar sands located north east of Fort McMurray the oil is on top of the land in places it very thick heavy crude most plastics are made from it. the environmentalist complain about oil getting into the Athabasca river.....this oil run into this river for thousand of years naturally but the environmentalist are paid to complain about it and lie about it from the likes of Geo soros and bill gates.....the main shit disturbers we need to round up and prosecute

@puff great articles you found

@1patriot I have spent 20 years mudlogging-data engineer-wellsite geologist.
My real problem with abiotic is how it migrates through non porous formations like igneous rock and also if it is all abiotic, how lower sedimentary layers have no trace of hydrocarbons yet overlaying formations do. You often have several "pay zones" in a single well eg oil Fm overlaying non oil Fm and then another oil bearing Fm. If it all migrates up until it hits a "cap rock", impervious Fm, then there should be residual traces as it passed through those other formations (Fm=formation).
As I said, always exceptions.

@puff a gas inspector i got to know quite well, Esso sold his son abandoned oil wells they hadn't pumped oil for 15 years he uncapped them and they were all full. instance millionaire and they spend lots of money in the city of Moosejaw. so many of these well will produce just not enough for the big boys!

@1patriot yes they are wells ie must flow ie must have porosity. Drilling in Thailand, they crack the champagne corks at 200 Bbls/ day flow. In Australia, that is uneconomical and the wells are Plugged and abandoned.

@puff should see if you can buy one or two that's a start

@1patriot Far too apathetic

@puff I know this is off topic. You mentioned that you were working on the geothermal fields in NZ. Was that process similar to drilling for oil? Just wondering.

I think my geologist mate did something similar to you at a gas platform off the Taranaki coast.

@Zealandia Pretty well the same process but rather than using drilling fluid just use water then air and foam to lift cuttings out the hole. Different formation, not sedimentary but volcanics and metamorphic formations. Very high pressures and h2s gas, rotten eggs, is a major hazard so alarms everywhere. Blow out protectors a bit different and lots of stages, different casing sizes eg 5 rather than 2 for onshore oil/ gas. To kill a well when it blows out oil/ gas you weight up the mud, drilling fluid to "jesus mud" eg so thick you can walk on it to suppress the pressure (weigh up the column of fluid in the bore hole). Geothermal, just start pumping water down it until the steam stops to kill it. Once finished, don't case straight away but let it roar and I mean roar for a day, like 112 decibels. They do that until all the "grit" gets cleared out so it won't sand blast the pipe to the power generating turbine. We all stay away and move vehicles as silica is not good for paint jobs or windscreens on cars.
I was mainly around Taupo.

@puff Thanks. Sounds a bit risky and requiring people who know what they’re doing.

Taupo is a nice part of the country, on the bucket list to visit one day.

My mate is visiting Rotorua this weekend.

As you probably know, geothermal makes up 18% of electricity generation in NZ now.

I visited Iceland and got to see the geothermal station there as part of a tour, that was pretty cool.

Have a School Certificate in Geology, studied it at secondary school at the age of fifteen. First school to offer the course in NZ.