Well, in regards to Russia, I believe Prof Richard Wolff did the best explanation in one of his Democracy At Work videos. He explains that while Stalin called his countries political and socioeconomic structure "communism" it was really State run capitalism. The stste seized the means of production and the monies made from it. Kinda like what corporations have done here. The homophobic slants in Russia can be traced back to the early Patriarchal structure that was very rigid and guided by pre world war teachings. Leon Trotski came to power after the Feudal power structure collapsed. The large majority of Russians were uneducated and very poor. The church had their foot hold in feudal Russia. However after Trotski came to power the church lost its influence over a lot of people. Trotski took all the feudal lands on Russia and GAVE it to the people to live on, farm, and do whatever they basically wanted to. He was the only true Socialist Russia had. Other people in his socialist party wanted to seize resources and power but he kept them at bay for a bit. Post WW1 Russia was a very rough and desolate place. The Germans had laid waste to Russia. However when the world started moving forward Trotski's Russia was falling behind in technology and personal wealth. Stalin saw his chance and took the power from Trotski and seized the means of production and took away the lands that Trotski had given the people. The factories were seized and state officials were placed in the factories to force compliance. The result was, the Russian economy grew by leaps and bounds but the living conditions and labor were stagnant. While we had lights, electricity, and refrigerators most Russians were still living like they had in the 1800's. Stalinism squashed out most churches and religions so their movements went underground. However Toxic Masculinity ran rampant. So it is no surprise that it still exist there. The US is not so different as of lately. Especially in the recent years where Trump has been the guiding force to liberate the white supremacists and bigots from their hiding holes. He has empowered them and emboldened them to the point that Hate crimes and Hate speech is on the rise. Most Americans are not homophobic or hateful, but with Capt. Cheeto fanning the flames it has come back to the public forefront.

i really believe this sickness has a lot to do with our PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY...and always having to prove you are a man...and macho!!! Men don't deserve to be caring for children...how can they learn this or that...it's such BULLSHIT.