Well-known paleontologist Steven Jay Gould argued that science and religion are different intellectual realms ("magisteria" ) and hence cannot conflict.
Science is about the way things are, religion is about the way things should be (= morality) and about spirituality, and the two are in different domains. Not incompatible but not competing either. Theologically, this kind of position is also known as neo-orthodoxy, embraced for example in the 20th century by Swiss theologian Karl Barth.
Unfortunately, Gould’s treatment of the problem is hardly adequate. Obviously, Christians do want to make factual claims: God exists and he created all there is. The universe has a purpose. Humans have distinctive features and abilities (only humans have an immortal soul that will leave the body after death and will go to either heaven or hell....).
Morality may be involved in all of this, but Christianity - as well as other religions - goes beyond this. Simply labeling things different magisteria and leaving the discussion at that is not adequate.
I liked Gould but didn’t think his non-overlapping magisteria idea was the best. There’s a way in which their missions are different, that’s true, and, as practiced today, they are pretty much non-overlapping in any legitimate sense. But at the deepest levels, they are natural allies instead of enemies, and I can’t imagine why any area of human behavior should be off limits to science.
As Dan Dennett says, science needs to study religion... and I think religion needs to study science!
As much as I adored Stephen Jay Gould and appreciated his contributions on punctuated equilibrium, his notion of the separate magisteria never sat well with me. I felt he was attempting to appease someone.
Yeah, religion as "practiced" by, for example, Pence certainly is the "way things should be".....whatsamatta you?
The more sophisticated religions thoroughly embrace science. Some of the most astute and creative scientists have had spiritual viewpoints.
The real dichotomy is not between religion and science but between those with open minds and deep awareness on one hand and those with narrow, dogmatic perspectives on the other hand. Of course there is a gradient of attitudes between the two poles.