If you analyze Newton's laws objects would be sticking together like magnets as distance decreases. Matter doesn’t pull on the matter, matter is moving through space gaining momentum, and then is having a change in uniform motion. It seems illogical but we have evidence that this is a fact.
Einstein gave us the answer to gravity, warped space/time. And he told where to look for it, the bending of light in a gravitational field. On May 19, 1919 astronomer Arthur Eddington took a photograph of a constellation that lined up behind the Sun during a solar eclipse, and it confirmed Einstein's prediction of light bending in a gravitational field. The background star images moved away from the Sun as if you were viewing the constellation through a huge positive lens. Einstein described the mechanics of this observation by imagining a series of elevators rising from the Sun’s surface; light enters the elevator at a higher level on the far side, and then it exits at a lower level on the side closest to us. As light traverses elevator after elevator, its path bends so that the star’s images appear to be at a greater angle away from the Sun (“The Evolution of Physics” © 1938 by Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld page 220.)
We are moving through space freely without friction according to Issac Newton, space is rising up from our Earth passing through us creating momentum toward the greater mass, then we are stopping on the surface.
Mass slows time which alters the distance matter can travel in comparison to less mass areas. Elements can be identified by the light they radiate due to the unique number and position of electrons in their electron energy-shell levels where photons are absorbed and emitted, resulting in dark spectral lines distinguishing each element. Using these spectral lines as light-wave-length markers; light-waves red-shift for each element when coming from a massive star, this means that light from specific elements travels farther in comparable length when coming from the slower time-rhythm with fewer seconds compared to the surroundings of a massive star. The fabric of space stretches as illustrated in gravitational embedding diagrams toward the center of mass allowing light and matter to move farther/faster using less energy toward the comparatively slower time-rhythm.
To imagine the space-time warp allowing objects to move farther in the same amount of time while coming from a massive object with a slower time-rhythm, think of an object moving directly away from you. The light waves coming from it will Doppler shift, the waves will be less frequent in arrival, but you will have witnessed the object move farther by your standard of light speed for the same amount of time. If you think of a second as the time it takes for light to travel a certain distance, that is now time plus greater distance. Sir Issac Newton said you move through space freely without friction, Gravity is the result of moving farther/faster through the rising elevators toward the slower time-rhythm and then being stopped by the planet surface, change in momentum lags change in velocity, which feels like deceleration/gravity. Gravity is the kinetic energy of momentum. Gravity is simply a change in uniform motion.
This brings us to how gravity is generated: anything put under pressure radiates heat. Everything on the surface of a planet is in a faster time-rhythm moving toward the slower/longer fabric size in the greater concentration of matter at the core of the planet, putting the core under pressure which radiates the longer wave heat energy perpetuating the constant production of gravity. As Albert Einstein said, gravity is identical to a change in uniform motion. The velocity of motion on the surface is determined by the amount of matter present in the core, and the amount of pressure on the core is determined by the change in velocity of matter stopping on the surface. This is why all objects accelerate at the same rate in a gravitational field in a vacuum, regardless of weight, as Galileo Galilei has said. Like Einstein’s Gedanken accelerating elevator (thought experiment): an elevator accelerating through empty space remote from all gravitational influence; all objects in the elevator will move toward the floor at the same rate regardless of mass. There is no pulling involved, there is only a change in uniform motion of objects stopping on the floor surface at the current rate of acceleration (deceleration) caused by warped space/time.
Something to think about; gravity, which is warped space/time per Einstein has a lot in common with electrons and photons. The distance of the electron energy-shell level from the nucleus of an atom out to the fourth level is multiples of 5.29*10^-11 times 2, 8, 18, 32. The number of electrons at these shell levels correspond to 2n^2 where n is the shell number starting from closest to the nucleus, or, 2, 8, 18, 32. I would guess a mass-less photon to be a square-wave movement of space-segments, because of the way electrons move from one position to the next without occupying any space between positions ( Max Plank “the ultra-violet catastrophe). A photon has two dimensions, length, and height devoid of a time element.
On page 202, in the book, The Evolution of Physics, by Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld, there is a table of the distance of a falling object from a tower with a height of 256ft; the stone reaches the ground in four seconds.
Time in seconds→ Elevation in feet
0→ 256
1→ 240
2→ 192
3→ 112
4→ 0
Divide the elevation by 8; the results are 32, 30, 24, 14, and 0. The differences between the numbers are 2, 6, 10, and 14. Add the differences together and you have 2, 8, 18, and 32. The similarity in number progression suggests that there is a correspondence between electron energy-shell levels and acceleration in a gravitational field.
Thomas Young experimented with light establishing light to be a wave. When light passes through a single small hole it displays a circular target pattern on a screen behind the hole. When you place a second small hole next to the first, you have a vertical line pattern, a typical wave interference pattern. Light causes a state of vibration in matter, then matter causes a deviation in the path of light. The shadow of an individual leaf cannot be distinguished at a distance from the leaf. Small inorganic particles suspended in water on a horizontal slide randomly move about, this is known as Brownian motion. This motion is caused by molecules of the suspending medium expanding and contracting from being bombarded by photons. This motion is affected by the imbalance in space/time from above and below the position, side to side motion is random.
White light is a combination of all colors; using a prism, white light from our Sun can be separated into the spectrum of colors. Light-speed is different when traveling through glass than it is when traveling through the air, so that the wave-height of each color will bend at a different angle when entering and exiting a triangle-shaped glass prism when not entering perpendicular to the surface. Einstein said to think of this chromatic aberration as a column of soldiers marching in lockstep; wider columns with more rows of soldiers will take longer to make the turn than a column with fewer rows. Red-light will experience less aberration of its path than orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet light, in that order. Red-light is the long-wave end of the spectrum and violet the short-wave end of the visible spectrum. With red-light experiencing less bending of its path, it must be shorter in height than blue-light. There is an inversion in the length to height ratio. The difference in speed is at the entry and exit of the prism at an angle not perpendicular to the surface, from that point it travels at light-speed of the new medium. Light has two dimensions, length between crests, and height of the wave. Light is most likely to be a square wave because of the way an electron moves from one position to the next, it disappears at one level and reappears at another without occupying any position between levels (Max Planck and the ultraviolet catastrophe.) Light reflected from a puddle of water will be polarized vertically to the surface of the puddle allowing the use of horizontally polarized sunglasses to reduce the glare. the interaction between light and matter will polarize light. Look at two power lines on a clear cool day where they intersect; the first line will polarize the passing light and the closer line will analyze that light appearing to disappear at the point of intersection.
These rising elevators of space can flow through each other and enhance the effect of one-another, causing galaxies to rotate as a single unit (Vera Rubin); a galaxy rotates as if you have drawn the stars on this paper, then rotate the paper, otherwise, the galaxy would lose its shape in a single rotation. In a spiral galaxy the stars are moving through cross-flows (backward and forward, in toward the center and out) of space, adding to their kinetic energy (the missing dark matter) and holding the galaxy in lockstep to unexpected velocities relative to what we expect, a greater velocity to maintain outer orbits. At a distant point from the gravity center of the galaxy momentum toward the field dilutes enough to cause the expansion of the universe. Where more matter congregates, more space is provided, generating a homogeneous distribution of matter throughout the universe, because the measure of space and time is a local phenomenon.
The speed of light and the space it travels through are local phenomena. The Michelson-Morley experiment comparing the speed of light from a distant star which was split into two perpendicular directions using our planet surface as a reference point in the 1890′s, showed no difference in the speed of light moving along those perpendicular paths; was contradicted by the 1913 Georges Sagnac experiment on a rotating platform attached to the surface of the Earth, demonstrated that motion relative to the local gravitational-field does add and subtract from the speed of light. (verified by, Gravity Probe B) This suggests that space/time scale is packaged in isotropic moving coordinate systems centered on a gravity source. So each gravity source acts as if its the center of the universe irrelevant to everything else.
The hidden rotational time/length scales of a rotating galaxy and the red-shift of light from a massive star show where the hidden kinetic energy and uneven makeup of space/time are in the overall picture of the universe. As a rotating gyroscope is difficult to move off of its axis, the backward and forward transition of matter through space in galactic rotation from leading and trailing stars adds to the kinetic energy of the galaxy and matter contained within
So, please feel free to explain about Gravitational attraction between objects.
IF we are moving freely through space, then WHY, for example, is this planet still orbiting the Sun on the same orbital it has followed for approx. 4.5 Billion years?
Why does the Moon orbit the Earth every approx. 24 hours?
If it is moving freely in space then WHY hasn't it simply flown off into to space?
Why does Halley's Comet orbit the Solar system on such a regular basis, is it not also moving freely through as you have conjectured?
Why has our Solar system been almost in the exact same location towards the end of one arm of the Milky Way Galaxy since the Solar was first born?
IF you were to jump off the top of a 20 story building, WHY would you fall down to the ground instead of merely floating away into the atmosphere?
Btw, Light travels through a vacuum at approx. 300,000 kilometres per second ( 180,000 miles per second) AND approx. 6 million million miles per EARTH year, its speed slows down slightly as it passes through the atmosphere, water and other gases, etc.
When you're traveling at 60 mph in your car, you can play catch from the front seat to the back seat as you're moving along in your coordinate system, things don't change until you have a change in uniform motion. You don't feel the space moving through you but by moving through space you gain momentum in the direction of the longer space segments. A truck moving in the opposite direction on the same road passes and with the windows closed you feel pulled in toward the truck because the wave shape has been changed because of the Lorenz transformation altering the wave shape. Matter does not pull on matter, a bowling ball can drop next to a golf ball and there is no attraction between them.
@gene706 Yes, any object moving at the same rate of speed in which it is contained continues to travel at the same rate as does its container, IF the container decelerates suddenly the object/s within WILL continue on at the rate of speed at which they were traveling. BTW, that IS one of the main reasons why seat belts were invented and fitted into car, etc. Don't believe? Then read up on Sir Isaac Newton Laws of Motion.
A vehicle traveling in the opposite direction to yours orv even in the same direction as it passes you that has bigger size (MASS) creates an area of lowered AIR pressure around it as it travels, hence it creates a type of suction effect since NATURE abhors a vacuum ( as a very old Scientific phrase states and has been proven to be correct a billion+ times over.
Gravitation effect/s on dropped objects is lesser than the Gravitation Attraction of the Earth on those objects, plus friction also plays a role in keep objects, even those you mentioned, from coming together as they fall.
However, during the birth of this planet, gravitational effects played a great role in the attraction of small particles of dust being attracted to each other thus forming larger and larger particles that were attracted to even larger particles and so on an so forth until the inner gravitation of the mass became strong enough for them to become ONE solid mass, i.e. the Planet we now live upon.
"Divide the elevation by 8; the results are 32, 30, 24, 14, and 0. The differences between the numbers are 2, 6, 10, and 14. Add the differences together and you have 2, 8, 18, and 32. The similarity in number progression suggests that there is a correspondence between electron energy-shell levels and acceleration in a gravitational field."
No, it doesn't suggest that. Correlation does not imply causation.
I stopped reading the garbage after this point. Sorry - you are not a mathematician or a theoretical physicist. Go back to school.
"Mass slows time"?
Please, show us the equation for that.
Time is a measurement. The duration of an event may slow down causing for a slower time.
@Word Time is a man made construct - absolutely. Time is not measured in mass.
@Omnedon
"Near a large mass, time passes more slowly than it does further away from the mass. " sounds cool, but without the equations to back it up it means you are parroting what you don't understand.
Please write down the equations and initial conditions that you are using to make this claim, and throw in a couple of definitions, too so we are all talking about the same thing.
These people postulate the speed of light is not a constant in every direction ... is that true? They make a convincing argument, but I don't believe them.
I can find a penny on the street, and the next week find a nickel and correctly claim "I have a surefire method to increase your income by 500% in a week!" - which would be true, but the initial conditions of being unemployed and finding money on the street are crucial to the claim. So your definitions of speed of light, mass, time measurement, etc. are very important.
So to sum things up, just because we need to throw a fudge factor into the GPS system to make everything work the way we want it to is not "proof" of jack squat - it depends on which frame of reference you are choosing. Some people say there is no thing as "centrifugal force", but if you choose a rotating coordinate system, >poof!< there it is. To make these wild claims you need to reference more than just "time passes more slowly" ... because for the frame of reference outside the mass it doesn't.
@Omnedon As most atheists know, the one making the extraordinary claim is the one responsible for giving proof - not the other way around.
So in your articles, it says "According to the general theory of relativity, gravitational time dilation is copresent with the existence of an accelerated reference frame. "
Which reference frame is the accelerated one? If you have someone in a space ship cruising by the earth at a constant speed, you claim his clock is running faster than on the earth, but neither the earth or the ship are accelerating. Ergo, no time dilation.
Science, unlike religion, changes and grows as new knowledge is discovered. Now, with quantum physics, Einstein is being tweaked and changed as well.