One of the central tenets of liberalism, first proposed by John Stuart Mill, is the so-called harm principle : it says that people should be free to act however they wish unless their actions cause harm to somebody else. A different version is that the limit of my freedom is the freedom of other people.
Sounds reasonable, but I don't think that is stands up to scrutiny.
First, we are living, each of us, as a tiny part of a giant web of direct and indirect connections with the world (human beings and nature), most of it unknown to us. It is simply impossible to know all the effects of my actions and whether they harm somebody or some being somewhere.
Second, it is simply impossible to live without harming someone in some way, often enough without us knowing it. Examples: I marry a woman and that causes depression in another man who is secretly in love with that woman and is now sick with jealousy. I drive to the city by car and its exhaust fumes contribute to making the city's inhabitants sick. I buy a shirt made of cotton, the production of which consumes a lot of water, which causes farmers somewhere in Asia to be unemployed because they can no longer irrigate their fields, etc....
The point is that you can act - seen from your personal point of view - according to the liberal harm principle while behaving like a total jerk, because you can always claim that your actions do not cause any harm.
Therefore it would be more appropriate not to say "I can do whatever I want as long as I do not harm somebody", but "I should act in a way that not only benefits me, but also contributes to the common good."
This is the "original sin", the basic flaw of liberalism, that it has abandoned the idea of a common good, which liberals believe comes about as if by magic (with the help of that "invisible hand" ) when everyone pursues their own happiness and strives to maximize their own benefit and advantage.
In one of my recent posts, I commented on a similar example of the "irony" of inter-dependence. The "Harm Principle" can also be compared to Jesus' "Golden Rule", and the "Hypocratic Oath". The topic of my piece was the global energy conundrum. All nations depend on foreign oil to some extent, to the end that the U.S. and one of our main trade partners, and health care providers is India. Ironically, our friendship with India is threatened by their dependence, and consequent allignment with our enemy, Russia, due to their dependence on Russian oil.
I guess every political philosophy has it's flaws, but I'll stick with Liberalism until anything better comes along. "First, do no harm"
Confucius had a Golden Rule thing too, as did numerous Greek and Roman philosophers many years BC......why credit jeebus?
@AnneWimsey OK, it was just expediency, but whomever said it first, it is good philosophy. Jesus probably never said anything he didn't learn from traveling in the orient, but that has little to do with the point I was trying to make.
Most folks build their worldview by building up from their own experiences, what happens to them personally, how they were brought up by their parents, what education they received. Eventually they come to a static point where their views consolidate around this worldview that is a summation of mostly all of their personal experiences. They are never able to move beyond that.
THIS is where you find practically all Christians, and a good number of other folk too.
Practically every action that you take can have unknown consequences, I could fart on the Canary Islands and cause a hurricane that kills 100,000 people . . . . laws are often created to protect society, but end up hurting society. It's all a moving target, humans are imperfect in the extreme, change is inevitable, and things change over time in unexpected ways. When humans try to devise ANY type of ideological foundation, it ends up backfiring on them in some way or another. It is almost amusing (if it were not so destructive) when humans get in blood-feuds over ideology. When we were kids, we learned that you could take two chickens, place them in front of each other and lift one of them up and down in a vertical motion, and they both would get pissed off and start fighting, it was inevitable, they were prisoners of their own limited scope of seeing things, and humans are the same way. That which is a "solution" for humanity in one era can be the poison for humanity in another era.
Nietzsche was right about power being a fundamental drive that motivates human behavior. He also understood how the will to power could also lead to dangerous and destructive behaviors. The destructiveness arises when humans start taking themselves to seriously, thinking that they have the perfect solution to an unsolvable, timeless problem, failing to recognize that they are just a bunch of fucking chickens, limited in their scope of thinking, and going at each other, over each others stupid ideas.
None of it is "solvable", and the only wise solution is recognizing and accepting the idea that humans will always disagree on something, and be motivated by their will to power and hampered by their own limited views . . . . and recognizing this, the only thing humans can do that really makes sense is to try to build society in a positive way through mutual respect and cooperation, even though the unforeseen results will crop up in the future . . . . . and learn to laugh at it all.
From Friedrich Nietzsche's book, Thus Spoke Zarathustra:
.
"You should first of all learn the art of earthly comfort,
you should learn to laugh, my young friends, if you are at
all determined to remain pessimists: if so, you perhaps,
as laughing ones, eventually send all metaphysical
comfortism to the devil and metaphysics first of all!
Or, to say it in the language of that Dionysian ogre,
called Zarathustra :
"Lift up your hearts, my brethren, high, higher!
And do not forget your legs! Lift up also your legs, you
good dancers and better so if you stand on your
heads!
"This crown of the laughter, this rose-wreath crown
I myself have put on this crown; I myself have
pronounced holy my laughter. No one else have I found
today strong enough for this.
"Zarathustra the dancer, Zarathustra the light one,
who beckons with his wings, one ready for flight,
beckoning unto all birds, ready and heady, a bliss
fully light-spirited one:
"Zarathustra the soothsayer, Zarathustra the sooth-
laughter, not impatient, not absolute, one who
loves leaps and side-leaps : I myself have put on this
crown!
"This crown of the laughter, this rose-wreath crown
to you my brethren do I cast this crown! Laughter
have I pronounced holy: you higher men, learn,
to laugh!"
Well as in most arguments, if the initial premise is wrong then the rest of the argument falls apart. Your initial premise that we can't know who we harm based on our actions in an infinite World is faulty. Based on that premise we should do nothing. Of course then you would argue that possibly doing nothing would also harm something or someone. That's the problem with the initial premise. Best example? Your marriage situation. Based on your example no one should get married because there might be someone out there who is jealous. So you have now just taken marriage off the table completely. Despite the fact that it might help a poor and drowning family by having someone who can support it join the family through marriage. Of course, given the theme of this site, under your initial premise we must all believe there is a God because we can't know that there isn't one somewhere else in the infinite World. So I'll stand with Mr Mill, thank you and for morality's sake, will adopt a previous commenter's addition of adding knowingly which should go without saying. Of course there are exceptions to every rule and if I have the chance to marry Heidi Klum I don't care what man in the world is jealous because they should all be.
You mean like The Golden Rule? from practically EONS ago, in every culture?
As long as it's not who owns the Gold, rules.
Magic? Invisible hand?
That's the religious not the Atheist.
I say, do anything you want to do, as long as you don't harm anyone esle, that simply. Once a person joins a large centroism group , it's always us against them conflicts and some harm. I belong to bio organisms first, individualism and the optimist club, and only broken a couple of ♥. . Anything that works, if liberalism mixes science with kindness rather than pyramids financial empire with those other two other puppet parties. I'm for it.
No I do not accept the basic premise, that liberalism has abandoned the idea of the common good. Indeed I would say that the common good is central to it. What you are talking about is libertarianism, which is quite different from liberalism although related perhaps, if generally (wrongly ) regarded as always being on opposite political wings.
"I can do whatever I like as long as I do not harm somebody. " Should perhaps be qualified with the word, "knowingly" because "not knowingly harm somebody", is the best, in a world controlled by chaos and the phenomena of unforeseen consequences that we can ever hope for. Though I would perhaps take knowingly as a given, since you would hardly need a degree in philosophy to appreciate that it should be included. And in part that shows a logical fault in the argument, since you could equally also add "not knowingly harm somebody." to the statement, "work for the common good". Since the same criticism, that I may unknowingly cause more harm than good, can equally be leveled at attempts to work for the common good.
While it is also true. That if I do not attend to my own good to some degree, and try to ensure my own health and happiness. Then I may become a unhappy or broken person, who is less able to work effectively for the common good, and may even become a net burden on everyone else, due not to unavoidable misfortune which is forgivable, but to my neglect of the self, the first person I have a duty to care for.
Indeed I would say that the core value of liberalism would be. "I should be free to do the best for my own self interest, as long as I try my best ( even though I may fail, ) to add net worth to the common good at the same time."
I can well understand, that the idea that liberalism has abandoned the idea of the common good, and that it is just a synonym for libertarianism, may well be a commonality among anti-liberal propagandists. To the point even of becoming banal and unquestioned dogma. But wisdom is alway in the nuance, and the closed world of propagandists, is not a good place to go seeking it.
Thank you for promptly putting this anti liberal propagandists ignorance to rest.
You saved me from having to do it…..
I could be wrong, but I think a genealogy test would show this guy to be a distant cousin of Ayn Rand. At the very least, he has her books in his collection…..
I agree and believe that is the fatal flaw of libertarianism, Mill strongly believed in protecting individual freedom but not at the expense of the common interest. Liberal democracy has proved it's superiority over any laissez-faire system. Precisely because it puts common sense compromise above any ideology.
This is all that comes to mind when the idea of liberals harming others comes up. .
It’s a vary one sided argument for them.
Perhaps, however what an individual(s) think is the "common good" is not guaranteed to be correct. Additionally, if the "common good" has a price, who pays that price?
So onesided, it's becoming a one world order. Of course that will fail again.
@CourtJester It could have been my PASTOR !!!
@Buck That is OK thank you, I have never said, but there have often been times when you have saved me trouble too.
This poster confused Liberals with Libertarians on another post, and when it was pointed out to him how diametrically opposed those 2 things were got really nasty with everybody...good luck with treating him like a thinking adult!
My response deserves to be an OP of its own
@Buck You could not be more off the mark, dude. I am a kind of socialist. I just dislike liberals, but I downright hate libertarians. And I wouldn't even give the title "philosopher" or "thinker" to that woman Ayn Rand
My favorite philosophers, when it comes to liberalism, are Patrick Deneen and Jean-Claude Michéa
I guess the only thing to add to this brilliant response is that by very virtue of how we exist and replicate, we necessary cause the harm and destruction of almost everything we directly or indirectly interact with. Sure there are some symbiotic relationships, but serving to help another organism allows that organism to itself flourish and cause harm to an indeterminate amount of other organisms. Even those that only survive on other already-dead organisms compete for those nutrients and indirectly cause suffering.
The one constant: none of us chose to be here. This, to me, means that we are plainly not responsible for the incidental suffering we cause. Surely we shouldn't be expected to commit suicide to prevent harm to others. However, producing offspring that do not need to exist, and only serve to increase net suffering, is the fault of the parents. Thus, the most logical path to refrain from causing unnecessary suffering is to not procreate.
@CourtJester Bullshit
@Alienbeing, @CourtJester, @twill It is OFTEN the pastors!
@CourtJester Everyone here got pissed off at me for saying Kyle was not guilty and liberals should leave him alone. He carried a gun, you see, so must suffer (according to the righteous libs). I've been a liberal for many years, 40+, but very few can see beyond their own tribe. That's why we have a two Party system, for seeing blind spots, but that just became a whack-a-mole game.
Kind of a socialists that dislikes liberals!? So you’re a right wing nut job then….
@Thibaud70 What you think of Libertarian philosophy is of no importance.