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On the epistemological syllogism that "God, by definition, is that for which no greater can be conceived. God exists in the understanding. If God exists in the understanding, we could imagine Him to be greater by existing in reality. Therefore, God must exist." Can anyone refute this argument?

#god
waitingforgodo 8 Feb 11
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8

Yes, trivially so.

  1. Unjustified assumptions.
  2. Undefined terms.
  3. Flawed reasoning.

It would take a prize idiot to accept such irrationality.

7

Which God, of the 5,000 or so apparently invoked by humans over 40,000 years of human history, does this apply to? All of them? One of them? Which one?

Psst. I don't know if you've noticed, but we don't live in a single God worshipping (or denying) world. Maybe they exist out there in the Universe, but we are not one of them.

It would be appreciated if, in future posts, when referring to God, you say "God or gods" or "the god I worry about or think just might exist."

Er, try approx. 3 Million + over the histories of Human kind since Hinduism has over 300,000 separate Deities alone.

@Triphid well, Dawkins and others have often referred to human made Gods numbering around 4,000 to 5,000, so it's often stated. It depends on definitions I suppose, and those eastern religions have more gods than grains of rice, but however one looks at it, it's a lot of Gods over some 40,000 years, a point often made by Dr Richard Carrier in his books. So I hate it when people refer to god speculation here in the singular. We should be above that, and I'm sure you'd agree.

@David1955 Dawkins et al, imo, gravely MIS-calculated the numbers of Deities worshiped by humans over the History of Human Evolutionary Processes.
For example, the Ancient Greek Pantheon contained approx.40 Major Deities PLUS another 50+ Minor Deities, 100+ Demi-Deities = a probable 190+ deities in their Pantheon,
The Babylonians, approx. 120 Major Deities, 230+ Minor Deities, 321+ Demi-deities,
The Romans, a similar number of Major deities, 450+ Minor deities not including the Household Lares, PLUS countless demi-deities,
The Phoenicians, approx. 100+ Major deities, several hundred Minor deities, plus over 1 Thousand demi-deities,
The Ancient Egyptians, though it should remembered that theirs were NOT Deities as such but were referred as being Elementals, 60 Major Elementals, 40 Minor Elementals, 12 demi-Elementals,
Australian Aboriginals BEFORE the Advent of Chrustianity,, approx. 50+ Major deities, 130+ Minor deities, mostly referred as being Spirits from the Dreamtime btw,
Modern Hindus, well there are only best estimates here BUT at LEAST 30,000+ deities in that religion alone and who knows for an absolute certainty how many others as well,
But I hope and think you are getting the gist of it.

@Triphid yeah, I think Dawkins and others like Carrier refer to major gods, if it can be put that way, being in that 5000 ballpark, but I'm sure they'd agree with you.

@David1955 Er, try a bit of re-calculating please, 5,000 is MILES below the total I have mentioned AND there are MORE Cultures/Civilisation that I did NOT mention as well btw.

7

Meaningless nonsense. "god exists in the understanding" what is that supposed to mean

This syllogism makes more sense

Yeah, it looked like word salad to me too. 🙄

@oldFloyd pass me the condescending dressing to pour over the word salad. It looks tasty.

6

I have no gods existing in my understanding, therefore, no gods can exist in my reality. If you have these it is because you think about it all the time. To have this type of god is something that you want to have. My arguments stop when you start putting these beings in their own dimension which makes them completely unknowable and untouchable.

5

All you have is subjective evidence from your mind that a god exist. Give me some objective evidence from outside of your mind that a god is real.

5

Words, sophistry. God doesn't exist! Can you refute that statement? Show me evidence or stop wasting my time.

I enjoy the magnificent foolishness of @waitingforgodo's absurd questions. He reminds me of @St-sinner and @Word.

@anglophone and even St-Siinner cannot abide this post...read above!

@anglophone Thank you! Each of his questions is more ridiculous than the last!

5

Six million Pounds Sterling is the greatest amount that the national lottery, in this country, has ever paid out. I can imagine me winning an even greater amount, and putting it in my bank account, even though I don't do the lottery. Sadly I just looked at my statement, and there is nothing there.

You can imagine and define anything, (definition is only a subset of imagination ), like a pink unicorn with lions paws, that does not bring it into existence. Imagination and human culture are not guides to truths about the real world. Nor is 'understanding', since for example, we can not understand infinity, but we know it must exist, while we can understand many things that don't.

4

Your imagination is simply that! Was Dr. Suess imaging gods when he wrote his books? Or Tolkien? Were they so full of hubris that they would ever make such a statement? Nope, just you........

4

Yes. You are out of your mind.

4

Since he has "defined" god as beyond understanding, then no. It's a logical tautology that internally must be true but is also meaningless. "If what I say is true then what I say is true" is a logically consistent statement like 1=1. Since god exists on both sides of the equation you can drop the term and simplify to "you can't understand what you can't understand".

Particularly annoying as well is when people accept this argument (meaningless though it is), then immediately jump to the god of Abraham and Isaac, to Bible stories, to Jesus, to salvation, etc., things that the tautological argument doesn't address or does not support in any way.

3

Who cares?

The poster incorrectly assumes, for some inexplicable reason, that we here on this site do. Don't know why.

3

I've always liked this comic re the ontological argument…

Source: [xkcd.com]

3

How does god exist in "understanding?" Why imagine "him" at all? Do you have a need for a male god to exist? Does that make you feel safe? Does that convince you that you have a spirit also and that you will live with "him" forever?

You sound desperate.

@nogod4me You sound desperately ignorant, that it's a well known discussion not a personal stance.

Ignorant of what? Things that you believe in your own imagination? Offer proof instead of conjecture on magical, mythical, beings. You have even defined this single god as male and you are assuming spirits exist. You allude that your beliefs are established fact.

Looking at this and your other posts, it appears that your non "personal stance" seems to be an obsession.

@nogod4me some people can't comprehend that what others post are not their personal belief but rather the contentions of third parties for discussion and it this case rebuttal. As has been outlined in several other posts this is a discussion about St Anselm's ontological argument.

@waitingforgodo There is no argument to make. No one has evidence about a god in order to make an argument. Bigfoot, leprechauns, Nessie, and god are defined entities in fiction, fables, myths and legends. But they are not define by reality and existence.

A god is not defined by reality or existence, believers make the assertion that it is, the god makes no assertion whether it exists or not, it is therefore the believer who must then prove the assertions they make.

You cannot assert that a god is defined by the words: "that for which no greater can be conceived," and that it "exists in the understanding." An imaginary, non-existent, being does not have to be any of those things. A god cannot exist in the understanding unless we have knowledge of that god. We have thousands of fables and stories of gods, do you believe any of these actually exist because you "understand" the fable or story?

The theist must FIRST prove their god exists, then everyone on the planet can join the conversation.

For example, Thomas Jefferson said this about the trinity concept: "Ridicule is the only weapon which can be used against unintelligible propositions. Ideas must be distinct before reason can act upon them; and no man ever had a distinct idea of the trinity. It is the mere Abracadabra of the mountebanks calling themselves the priests of Jesus."

3

It has been refuted many times before since ancient times, one example comes to mind, the epicurean paradox. Or just use logic and common sense to debunk that bullshit statement mumbo jumbo crap.

2

Mayhap you are having a case of " Cogito ergo Deus," " I think therefore I am God." Apologies to Latin for manipulating the language to suit my needs at the time btw.

A greater god might declare cogito ergo sum deus,

@waitingforgodo Oh my error I had forgotten my Latin Grammar for a moment there.

2

Ah yes, Anselm's Ontological Argument for the existence of God, one of apologist William Lane Craig's favorites. In her excellent book, "36 Arguments for the Existence of God: A Work of Fiction," Rebecca Newberger Goldstein lays out the argument:

  1. Nothing greater than God can be conceived (this is stipulated as part of the definition of "God" ).
  2. It is greater to exist than not to exist.
  3. If we conceive of God as not existing, then we can conceive of something greater than God (from 2).
  4. To conceive of God as not existing is not to conceive of God (from 1 and 3).
  5. It is inconceivable that God not exist (from 4).
  6. God exists.

And then debunks it nicely.

"FLAW: It was Immanuel Kant who pinpointed the fallacy in the Ontological Argument: it is to treat "existence" as a property, like "being fat" or "having ten fingers." The Ontological Argument relies on a bit of wordplay, assuming that "existence" is just another property, but logically it is completely different. If you really could treat "existence" as just part of the definition of the concept of God, then you could just as easily build it into the definition of any other concept. We could, with the wave of our verbal magic wand, define a trunicorn as "a horse that [a] has a single horn on its head, and [b] exists." So if you think about a trunicorn, you're thinking about something that must, by definition, exist; therefore trunicorns exist. This is clearly absurd: we could use this line of reasoning to prove that any figment of our imagination exists."

1

"God is the word and the word is god" That tells you all you need to know about how the god was created and how the fantasy is inserted into people reality. Every god is made out of words and nothing else.
Religion is a word game for uneducated people who refuse the practical knowledge of nature and science. It's not hard to convince a child that your word god exists that's why the religions have become child rapist who rape the minds of gullible, defenseless they take into captivity like they did me.

I know the religious - They are a group of organized rapists who force themselves on the gullible and unsuspecting and pounce on the chance to brainwash people when they are down. They are the low life perpetrator of mass violence on a global scale pushed by their attempt to dictate to the world. There are no children for you to rape and claim for your god here, so get the fuck out of here.

"There are no children for you to rape and claim for your god here, so get the fuck out of here."

Sorry to hear of the"rape the minds of gullible, defenseless they take into captivity like they did me" and any concomitant damage to it precluding you from comprehending that this post is about refuting Anselm's ontological argument.

Why would I refute bullshit? Who has got that kind of time?

1

Dude..."God exists in understanding"? What does that even mean? Whose understanding? How does anything exist in "understanding"?

I think you running into the problem of creating a word salad of terms that don't belong with each other.

If I say "loud apple" you should rightfully be confused because an apple cannot be loud in any sensible or reasonable way. Those words don't belong with each other in that way. One would have to create a context, an analogy or metaphor, basically something fake, to even begin to make any sense.

A thought is an attempt by a human brain to give some contextual meaning to a set of ideas associated with each other in a supposedly logical way within the knowledge base of that human but that doesn't mean that thought would exist in reality. Eg Harry Potter or the One Ring or The Force. Thoughts that don't really exist.

So no, just because you can loosely give a vague definition of god that can be comprehended in an abstract way doesn't mean that definition exists in reality.

Heck even our fiction (our lies) have rules of association that if one breaks would make us cringe because they don't belong with each other:
E.g.

1

Firstly WHY must this 'God' you imagine MUST exist be Male only?
Secondly, and imo, most importantly, to WHICH God to whom are you referring?
Thirdly, "No Greater can be conceived." Well the MIND IS far greater than any God/Goddess/Supreme Entity in that by means of mere bio-electric impulses it can, and does Imagine, Create/Invent ANYTHING it can at will.
Hence IT created ALL Deities merely by imagining them into existence.
Fourthly, and imo, you are ATTEMPTING to use 'Circular Logic' in a somewhat vain attempt to explain what cannot be PROVEN in the first place.

1

The argument is a logical fallacy because the idea that super beings exist doesn't necessarily imply that they must exist.

1

I can. Simply because of the fact that there are some things that we have not become technologically or mentally capable of comprehending does not mean there is a God of any manner of thinking. It's a cop out, nothing more. Used by people who fear saying what scientists don't. "We don't know. YET."

1

I knew you guys would be up on Godel's proof of St Anselm's ontological argument as elaborated by Leibniz.

And more recently, Norman Malcolm, Charles Hartshorne, and Alvin Plantinga.

@Wallace Thanks Wal, although their improved version of Anselm to, 'a being that necessarily exists can't not exist' smacks of Voltaire's inadvertently amusing 'if god didn't exist man would have to invent him'. I'm certain that you are in a much better position to delight and intrigue us with questions or observations. Would you be so kind?

@waitingforgodo I gave it a try in what follows--but not much insight, you'll see. Anselm’s “That than which nothing greater can be conceived” would be that which has every “great-making” property to the maximum degree—i.e., that which is absolutely perfect in every respect. Hence, any such being would be omnipotent, omniscient, etc., because any degree of weakness or ignorance would be a flaw. And in like fashion, such an entity would have to exist since to be nonexistent would be a great flaw. That is, in the same way that an existing friend is greater than an imaginary friend, an existing god is greater than an imaginary god. To say otherwise is to say that God=that than which nothing greater can be conceived=is not that than which nothing greater can be conceived. It is to say that absolute perfection is imperfect and this, according to Anselm, is the contradictory position of atheism. Many seminal thinkers—including Descartes, Leibniz, and others—found this line of reasoning cogent.
Of course, not everyone was convinced, and it is easy to ridicule it as sophistry or mere wordplay; but the problem for centuries was that no one seemed to be able to pinpoint just where the fallacy lay. Anselm propounded it in the 11th century. However, Kant (18th century) claimed that “existence” is not a property like knowledge, power, etc., and that the argument fails by confusing these. So to say “God exists” is not to say “God has the properties of omnipotence, omniscience, and existence,” but rather (something like) “a being with the properties of omnipotence and omniscience is instantiated in actuality.”
I think Kant’s analysis was widely accepted and then with the logical development of the “predicate calculus” in the early 20th century the standard critique became “Existence is not a predicate (=property).” It is a “quantifier” instead. And then it seemed the ontological argument had finally been put out of its misery for good.
However, with further development in “modal logic” [=logic of possibility and necessity] the argument was resurrected and some even claimed this was Anselm’s original reasoning but that there was no way for him to express it concisely in the logic of his day.

I’ll try to summarize this. First, note that there are both necessary and contingent modes of truth and falsity. For example, “The square is blue” has a contingent value because it could be true or false while “The square is a rectangle” is necessarily true (since it CANNOT be false) while “The square is a circle” is necessarily false (since it CANNOT be true). Likewise, the truth value of “Bachelors are unhappy” is contingent since it could be true or false, while “Bachelors are unmarried” is necessarily true and “Bachelors are married” is necessarily false. (Of course, one could redefine these words, but the modality is involved with the meanings.)
Now corresponding to the modes of truth and falsity are the modes of existence and nonexistence. For example, “The existing house on the corner” is contingent because it might not have existed; in fact, at one time it didn’t exist and at some later time it won’t exist again. Likewise, (although it sounds awkward) the nonexistent house in the vacant lot contingently doesn’t exist, because someone may build it later. However, the nonexistence of square circles is different--: they necessarily do not exist because they CANNOT exist, and the same is the case for married bachelors. But are there things that necessarily DO exist—things that CANNOT NOT-exist?
Apparently Plato thought there were, and Anselm was in the Platonic tradition. And so surely he would have deemed a necessary omnipotent, omniscient being greater than a contingently one! And furthermore, while existence is not a predicate, the modality of the existence or nonexistence is. So there is no fallacy in concluding that God’s existence must have a necessary modality—and this is to say that either God necessarily exists or necessarily does not exist, i.e., that either God has to exist or that his existence is impossible. But proponents of the argument contend that surely we would agree that God’s existence is at least possible—that it’s not like that of a square circle or a married bachelor. Therefore, it must be concluded that God necessarily exists.
So far as I know, everyone agrees up to that final step (although it certainly needs to be explained better); that is, the logic is good to that point. However the late William Rowe (philosopher from Purdue University) forcefully argued that just because Anselm’s concept is not contradictory (like a square circle) it does not follow that it is a possibility. In fact, he contends the only way a person could know that it was possible was to know in advance that God does exist—in which case the proof would be unnecessary. Also some theologians familiar with the argument contend the argument has become a puzzle for the amusement of logicians and even if it is sound it has no religious value.
Cheers.

@Wallace Again thanks Wal for your insight and superlative summary of this proposition. If I'd known you were bringing the sledgehammers I'd have brought bigger nuts. You'd be doing us all a favour if you'd post thought experiments , conundrums, matters for consideration or questions that you must have yourself or have gathered, gleaned and garnered over the years. All the best.

As a side note they'd better stop that form of squaring the circle to calculate pi before the apes reach apeiron.

1

This only prove that the idea, or the concept of a "real god" is real. This does not say anything if the entity idealized in this concept is real or not.

Of course supposing you can come up with a definition of god that has internal consistency or at least is not self-contradictory.

0

How does order come from chaos?

0

well i don't see an argument to refute--one might imagine anything they like--but you might note how that is seeking a single entity, a personality, to kind of force Yah into, when elohim is plural, plus doesnt "existence" require "objective evidence?"

even "God, by definition, is that for which no greater can be conceived" is arbitrary imo

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