Using X-ray computed tomographic reconstruction to understand the Dřevíč Lead Amulet.
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Various magical items and practices have been used for protection from potential misfortune since time immemorial. Diseases, poisonous animals, wars and natural disasters could not only jeopardise but also quickly end a human life. The use of magic for protection and deliverance from diseases has, therefore, been widespread from the earliest times. People in the ancient Greco-Roman world, as well as those in later medieval times, felt exposed to innumerable dangers. Thus, they invoked diverse higher powers (such as Yahweh, Christ or Abraxas) to obtain protection through them. A favourite and widespread ‘safety device’ were amulets, small objects destined for personal protection to be worn close to one’s body, which were believed to have magical or miraculous power to protect their owners or to treat various illnesses. Amulets were in demand for every imaginable situation in life. Most frequently, they were used to cure diseases and injuries and to drive away dangerous beasts and demons,which were often held responsible for various health difficulties. Charms encouraging good luck, power or prosperity are usually differentiated as talismans. Diverse objects may have fulfilled the function of a protective charm, including simple natural materials (e.g. shells, herbs and gemstones). The application of an amuletwas often accompanied by uttered prayers or incantations.