São Tomé and Príncipe: Possibly the last country on Earth never to have been visited by a working archaeologist.
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Small oceanic islands have become sites of great interest to archaeologists in recent years, presenting opportunities to study how cultures interacted with one-another, often on very unequal terms, and how Humans impacted on unique island ecologies, within a limited geographical space. This has led to many archaeological expeditions to the islands of the Mediterranean, Caribbean, and Pacific. However, oceanic islands associated with the African continent have been less well studied, and one island nation, São Tomé and Príncipe, located in the Gulf of Guinea about 200 km off the west coast of Central Africa, has never been the subject of any archaeological fieldwork at all, possibly making it the last country on Earth about which this can be said.